Fluoride is a widely distributed nephrotoxin with exposure potentially resulting from environmental fluorine excess.Kidney is the main excretory organ of fluorine.

肾脏是氟的主要排，当机体摄入过量氟超过肾的排力时，肾组织细胞就会因处于高氟受到损害。

The development of the kidney, the major excretory organ after birth, consists of 3 stages: the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.

肾脏是人体主要的排，它的发育经过原肾、中肾、后肾3个阶段。